Ohio Academic Content Standards for Science
Benchmarks and Indicators
9-10 Science Benchmarks
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Earth and Space Sciences |
Life Sciences |
|
A. Explain how evidence from stars
and other celestial objects provide information about the processes that
cause changes in the composition and scale of the physical universe. B. Explain that many processes occur
in patterns within the Earth's systems. C. Explain the 4.5
billion-year-history of Earth and the 4 billion-year-history of life on Earth
based on observable scientific evidence in the geologic record. D. Describe the finite nature of
Earth's resources and those human activities that can conserve or deplete
Earth's resources. E. Explain the processes that move
and shape Earth's surface. F. Summarize the historical
development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in
the study of Earth and space sciences. |
A. Explain that cells are the basic
unit of structure and function of living organisms, that once life originated
all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell
types. B. Explain the characteristics of
life as indicated by cellular processes and describe the process of cell
division and development. C. Explain the genetic mechanisms
and molecular basis of inheritance. D. Explain the flow of energy and
the cycling of matter through biological and ecological systems (cellular,
organismal and ecological). E. Explain how evolutionary
relationships contribute to an understanding of the unity and diversity of
life. F. Explain the structure and
function of ecosystems and relate how ecosystems change over time. G. Describe how human activities can
impact the status of natural systems. H. Describe a foundation of
biological evolution as the change in gene frequency of a population over
time. Explain the historical and current scientific developments, mechanisms
and processes of biological evolution. Describe how scientists continue to
investigate and critically analyze aspects of evolutionary theory. (The
intent of this benchmark does not mandate the teaching or testing of
intelligent design.) |
9-10 Science Benchmarks
|
Earth and Space Sciences |
Life Sciences |
|
|
I. Explain how natural selection and
other evolutionary mechanisms account for the unity and diversity of past and
present life forms. J. Summarize the historical
development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in
the study of life sciences. |
9-10 Science Benchmarks
|
Physical Sciences |
Science and Technology |
|
A. Describe that matter is made of
minute particles called atoms and atoms are comprised of even smaller
components. Explain the structure and properties of atoms. B. Explain how atoms react with each
other to form other substances and how molecules react with each other or
other atoms to form even different substances. C. Describe the identifiable
physical properties of substances (e.g., color, hardness, conductivity,
density, concentration and ductility). Explain how changes in these
properties can occur without changing the chemical nature of the substance. D. Explain the movement of objects
by applying Newton's three laws of motion. E. Demonstrate that energy can be
considered to be either kinetic (motion) or potential (stored). F. Explain how energy may change
form or be redistributed but the total quantity of energy is conserved. G. Demonstrate that waves (e.g.,
sound, seismic, water and light) have energy and waves can transfer energy
when they interact with matter. H. Trace the historical development
of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study
of physical sciences. |
A. Explain the ways in which the
processes of technological design respond to the needs of society. B. Explain that science and
technology are interdependent; each drives the other. |
9-10 Science Benchmarks
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Scientific Inquiry |
Scientific Ways of Knowing |
|
A. Participate in and apply the
processes of scientific investigation to create models and to design,
conduct, evaluate and communicate the results of these investigations. |
A. Explain that scientific knowledge
must be based on evidence, be predictive, logical, subject to modification
and limited to the natural world. B. Explain how scientific inquiry is
guided by knowledge, observations, ideas and questions. C. Describe the ethical practices
and guidelines in which science operates. D. Recognize that scientific
literacy is part of being a knowledgeable citizen. |
Grade Nine
Earth
and Space Sciences (9)
|
The
Universe |