Miami University
Dr. Claude Steele
 
 
 
 
 

Claude Mason Steele
Department of Psychology
Jordan Hall, Building 420
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-2130


 Education:
1967 B.A. Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio (Major in Psychology)
1969 M.A. Ohio State University (Major in Social Psychology)
1971 Ph.D. Ohio State University (Major in Social Psychology, Minor in Statistical Psychology)


Academic Awards:

  • 1970-71 Ohio State University Graduate School, Dissertation Year Fellowship
  • 1994-95 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
  • 1994-95 Cattell Faculty Fellowship (The James McKeen Cattell Fund)
  • 1995 Dean's Teaching Award, Stanford University
  • 1996 Elected to The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • 1997 Lucie Stern Professor in the Social Sciences, Stanford University
  • 1997 Winner of the Gordon Allport Prize in Social Psychology
  • 1998 Elected to The National Academy of Education

 

Membership:

  • American Psychological Association
  • American Psychological Society
  • Society of Experimental Social Psychology
  • Society of Personality and Social Psychology

 

Professional Experience:

  • 1997-Present Chair, Department of Psychology, Stanford University
  • 1991-Present Professor of Psychology, Stanford University (Stanford, CA)
  • 1989-1991 Research Scientist, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI)
  • 1987-1991 Professor of Psychology, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI)
  • 1985-1987 Professor of Psychology, University of Washington (Seattle, WA)
  • 1973-1985 Assistant Professor to Professor of Psychology, University of Washington (Seattle, WA)
  • 1971-1973 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Utah (Salt Lake City, UT)

    * * * * *
  • 1996-97 President, Western Psychological Association
  • 1991-1996 Member, Board of Directors American Psychological Society
  • 1990-Present Consulting Editor: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Attitudes and Social Cognition, Psychological Review, Motivation and Emotion, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
  • 1988-1991 Member, Division 8, APA Executive Committee
  • 1988-1989 Chair, Executive Committee of Society of Experimental Social Psychology
  • 1987-1988 Secretary-Treasurer Society of Experimental Social Psychology
  • 1984-1988 Member, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Psychosocial Research Study Section
  • 1984-1987 Associate Editor: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
  • 1983-1990 Consulting Editor: Journal of Social Issues
  • 1980-1985 Member, King County Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Administrative Board
  • 1979-1983 Member, National Institute of Mental Health, Review Panel; Mental Health Research Education Review Panel
  • 1979-1983 Research Grant Reviewer: National Institute of Mental Health, National Science Foundation
  • 1977-1983 Consulting Editor: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
  • 1969-1970 Co-director (with L. K. Rosenblood, T. M. Ostrom and H. L. Mirels) of the Juvenile Delinquency Research Project, validated a program to reduce the frequency of arrests in delinquents.
  • 1968-1971 Member, Board of Directors for the Black Student Psychological Association
  • 1967-1971 Research Assistant to Dr. Thomas M. Ostrom, Ohio State University; worked on verbal conditioning of attitudes, attribute structure and discrimination, perceived discrepancy and attitude change, victim similarity and derogation.

 

Research Interests:

  • Self-evaluative processing: Self-affirming modes of information processing and dissonance phenomena.
  • The role of self-evaluation and identification in the school achievement of black Americans and women in natural sciences.
  • The role of alcohol and drug use in self-regulation processes and social behavior: Mechanisms underlying the effects of alcohol and drugs on self-control, social behavior, and affect.
  • Compliance behavior and its mediation through self-affirming processes.

 

Publications:

  • Ostrom, T. M., Steele, C. M., Rosenblood, L. K., & Mirels, H. A. (1971). Modification of delinquent behavior. The Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2, 118-136.
  • Latane, B., & Steele, C. M. (1975). The persistence of social attraction in socially deprived and satiated rats. Animal Learning and Behavior, 3, 131-134.
  • Latane, B., Edwards, J., Steele, C. M., & Walton, D. (1973). Social attraction among and between albino hooded rats. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 20-22.
  • Steele, C. M., & Ostrom, T. M. (1974). Perspective mediated attitude change: When is indirect persuasion more effective than direct persuasion? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(6), 737-741.
  • Ostrom, T. M., Steele, C. M., & Smilansky, J. (1974). Perceived discrepancy and attitude change: In unsubstantiated relationship. Journal of Representative Research in Social Psychology, 5, 7-15.
  • Steele, C. M. (1975). Name-calling and compliance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(2), 361-370.
  • Steele, C. M., & Green, S. G. (1976). Affirmative action and academic hiring: A case study of a value conflict. Journal of Higher Education, 4, 413-437.
  • Steele, C. M., & Woods, L. (1977). Trait attributions and defense against insult from a dissimilar other. Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 318-328.
  • Siegel, J. M., & Steele, C. M. (1980). Environmental distraction and interpersonal judgments. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 23-32.
  • Siegel, J. M., & Steele, C. M. (1979). Noise level and social discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 95-100.
  • Steele, C. M., & Liu, T. J. (1981). Dissonance avoidance and the expectancy of a value-affirming response: Making the dissonant act unreflective of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 393-397.
  • Southwick, L., Steele, C. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (1981). Alcohol-related expectancies: Defined by phase of intoxication and drinking experience. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 5, 713-721.
  • Steele, C. M., & Southwick, L. (1981). Effects of fear, causal attribution about alcoholism, and drinking habits on attitude change and drinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 339-349.
  • Steele, C. M., Southwick, L., & Critchlow, B. (1981). Dissonance and alcohol: Drinking your troubles away. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 831-846.
  • Steele, C. M., & Liu, T. J. (1983). Dissonance processes as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 5-19.
  • Steele, C. M., & Southwick, L. (1985). Alcohol and social behavior I: The mediating role of inhibitory conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 18-34.
  • Steele, C. M., Critchlow, B., & Liu, T. J. (1985). Alcohol and social behavior II: The helpful drunk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 35-46.
  • Southwick, L., Steele, C. M., & Lindell, M. (1986). Construct accessibility and judgments about alcoholism by offspring of alcoholics. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 167-186.
  • Steele, C. M. (1986). The psychology of drunken excess. Psychology Today, January.
  • Steele, C. M., Southwick, L., & Pagano, R. (1986). Drinking your troubles away I: The role of activity in mediating alcohol's reduction of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 173-180.
  • Liu, T. J., & Steele, C. M. (1986). Attributional analysis as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 531-540.
  • Curry, S., Southwick, L., & Steele, C. M. (1987). Restrained and unrestrained drinking: Generalization of a consumption style. Addictive Behaviors, 12, 73-77.
  • Southwick, L., & Steele, C. M. (1987). Restrained drinking: Personality correlates of a control style. Journal of Drug Issues, 17.
  • Southwick, L., Kuna, P., & Steele, C. M. (1988). Heaven can wait: The effects of restrained and unrestrained drinking styles on the ability to delay drinking gratification. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 261-278.
  • Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 261-302.
  • Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. (1988). Drinking your troubles away II: The role of activity in mediating alcohol's reduction of anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 196-205.
  • Banaji, M., & Steele, C. M. (1989). Alcohol and self-evaluation: Is a social cognition approach beneficial? Social Cognition, 7(2), 137-151.
  • Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1990). The two faces of alcohol myopia: Attentional mediation of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 115-126.
  • Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1990). Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist, 45(8), 921-933.
  • Steele, C. M. (1992, April). Race and the schooling of black Americans. The Atlantic Monthly, 269(4), 68-78.
  • Josephs, R. A., Larrick, R., Steele, C. M., & Nisbett, R. M. (1992). Self-esteem and risk aversion in decision-making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(1), 26-37.
  • Spencer, S. J., Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1993). Low self-esteem: The uphill struggle for self-integrity. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem and the puzzle of low self-regard (pp. 21-36). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Steele, C. M., & Spencer, S. J. (1992). The primacy of self-integrity. A comment on Elliot Aronson's "The return of the repressed: Dissonance theory makes a comeback." Psychological Inquiry, 3, 345-346.
  • Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Lynch, M. (1993). Self-image resilience and dissonance: The role of affirmational resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 885-896.
  • Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1994). Stereotype vulnerability and African-American intellectual performance. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Readings about the social animal. New York: Freeman & Co.
  • Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African-Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
  • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape the intellectual identities and performance of women and African Americans. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
    • Reprinted in J.L. Eberhardt & S.T. Fiske (Eds.), Confronting racism: The problem and the response. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.
    • Reprinted in E. Y. Lowe (Ed.), Promise and dilemma: Perspectives on racial diversity and higher education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
    • Winner of the Gordon Allport Prize in Social Psychology
  • Aronson, J., Steele, C. M., Salinas, M. F., & Lustina, M. J. (1998). The effects of stereotype threat on the standardized test performance of college students. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Readings about the social animal (8th Edition). New York: Freeman.
  • Steele, C. M. (1998). Stereotyping and its threat are real. American Psychologist, 53, 680-681.
  • Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. M. (1998). Social stigma. In D. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol 2, 4th ed., pp. 504-553). Boston: McGraw Hill.
  • Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1998). Stereotype threat and the test performance of academically successful African Americans. In C. Jencks & M. Phillips (Eds.), Black-White test score gap. Brookings Institution Press.
  • Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., Steele, C. M., & Brown, J. (1999). When white men canít do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 29-46.
  • Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4-28.
  • Cohen, G., Steele, C. M., & Ross, L. D. (1999). The mentorís dilemma: Providing critical feedback across the racial divide. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin., 25, 1302-1318.
    • Runner-up for the Gordon Allport Prize in Social Psychology
    • Winner of the Society of Personality and Social Psychology Award for best student publication
  • Steele, C. M., & Sherman, D. A. (1999). The psychological predicament of women on welfare. In D. Prentice & D. Miller (Eds.), Cultural divides: Understanding and overcoming group conflict. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Steele, C. M. (1999, August). Thin ice: "Stereotype threat" and black college students. The Atlantic Monthly, 284(2), 44-47, 50-54.
  • Marx, D., Brown, J., & Steele, C. M. (In press). Allport and stereotype threat: On being the target of a negative stereotype. Journal of Social Issues.
  • Cohen, G., Aronson, J., & Steele, C.M. (In press). When beliefs yield to evidence: Reducing biased evaluation by affirming the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
  • Steele, C. M., Spencer, S., Nisbett, R., Hummel, M., Harber, K., & Schoem, D. (Invited). African American college achievement: A "wise" intervention. Harvard Educational Review.
  • Sherman, D., Nelson, L., & Steele, C. M. (In press). Self-affirmation and receptivity to threatening health messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
  • Steele, C. M. (In press). Expert report of Claude M. Steele. Michigan Journal of Race & Law.

 

 

Back to Resources page