Education
Ph.D. Harvard University, Department of History, 1984.
M.A. Harvard University, Department of History, 1977.
B.A. University of Nebraska, Department of English, 1974.

Prizes
Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize, Berlin, 1999-2000; I was the first woman historian to win this senior prize.

Faculty Scholar's Medal for Outstanding Achievement in the Arts and Humanities, Pennsylvania State University, 2000.

Ludwik Fleck Book Prize, Society for Social Studies of Science, 1995, for Nature's Body (1993).

History of Women in Science Prize, History of Science Society, 1994, for "Why Mammals are Called Mammals," American Historical Review (1993).

Roy C. Buck Essay Prize, PSU, 1990, for "The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science," 18th-Century Studies.

Grants and Fellowships
National Science Foundation, Grant for Graduate Training and Research, 2001-2004, $300,000.

National Science Foundation Scholars Award, 2002-2004, $102,000.

Senior Research Fellow, Max-Planck-Institute for History of Science, Berlin, 1999-2000.

National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine Fellowship, Spring 1998.

Claire Booth Luce Foundation, Scholarships Grant, for Women in the Sciences and Engineering Institute, PSU, 1996-98.

National Science Foundation Scholars Award, 1991-1993, 1996.

Alumni Outstanding Achievement Award, University of Nebraska, 1996.

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 1995.

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Officer's Grant, for the WISE Institute, PSU, 1995.

Class of 1933 Distinction in the Humanities Award, PSU, 1994.

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow, 1991-92.

Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies Grants, PSU, 1991, 1997.

Weiss University Endowed Fellow in Humanities, PSU, Spring 1991.

Research Initiation Grants, Research and Graduate Studies Office, PSU, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1997.

Award for Enhancement of Undergraduate Instruction, PSU, 1991.

American Council of Learned Societies, Summer 1989.

Rockefeller Foundation Humanist-in-Residence, Rutgers U., 1988-89.

National Endowment for the Humanities Research Fellowship, 1986-87.

Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship, 1985-1986.

Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst Grant, Summer 1985.

Charlotte W. Newcombe Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, 1983-84.

Marion and Jasper Whiting Fellowship, Paris, Summer 1982.

Fulbright-Hayes Graduate Scholar in Germany, 1980-81.

Books
Colonial Botany: Gender, Politics, and Commerce between Europe and the West Indies in the Eighteenth Century (under contract with Harvard University Press).

Has Feminism Changed Science? (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).

Foreign Translations: Japanese (Kosakusha Publishing Co., 2002); German (München: Beck Verlag, 2000); Portuguese (Editora da Universidade do Sagrado Coração, 2001); Korean (Dulnyouk Publishing Co., expected 2002).

Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993). Foreign Translations: Japanese (Tokyo: Kosakusha Publishing Co., 1996); German (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag, 1995); and Hungarian (in preparation).

The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989). Foreign Translations: Japanese (Tokyo: Kosakusha Publishing Co., 1992); German (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag, 1993); Chinese (Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing); Portuguese (Lisbon: Pandora Ediçioes, 2001); and Greek (Athens: Katoptro, expected 2002).

Edited Volume
Botany and Empire: Science, Politics, Commerce, co-edited with Claudia Swan (under contract with the University of Pennsylvania Press).

Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine, co-edited with Angela Creager and Elizabeth Lunbeck (University of Chicago Press, 2001).

Oxford Companion to the Body, ed. by Colin Blakemore and Sheila Jennett; I served as section editor with Alan Cuthbert, Roy Porter, Tom Sears, and, Tilli Tansey (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Feminism and the Body, a collection of essays by Janet Browne, Sander Gilman, Lynn Hunt, Thomas Laqueur, Marina Warner, and others (Oxford University Press, 2000).

Editor, article cluster for Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28 (2003)
on how feminism has changed research results in physics (by Amy Bug), archaeology
(by Margaret W. Conkey), and evolutionary biology (by Patricia Adair Gowaty) (in press).
Editor, special section, Science in Context on European women in science with
articles on France by Claudine Hermann and Françoise Cyrot-Lackmann, on
Germany by Ilse Costas, and the Netherlands by Mineke Bosch (in press).

Articles and Chapters
“Primatology, Archaeology, and Human Origins: Feminist Interventions," in Equal Rites, Unqual Outcomes: Women in American Research Universities, ed. Lilli Hornig (New York: Kluwer Academic, in press).

“Nature's Unruly Body," in Regimes of Description: In the Archive of the Eighteenth Century, ed. John Bender and Michael Marrinan (Stanford: Stanford University Press, in press).

“Human Experimentation in the Eighteenth Century: Natural Boundaries and Valid Testing” in The Moral Authority of Nature, ed. Lorraine Daston and Fernando Vidal (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, in press).

“Academic Women in Germany,” co-authored with Ilse Costas, in Women in the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), ed. André Kaspi (Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, in press).

“The Philosopher's Beard: Women and Gender in Science,” in Science in the Eighteenth Century, vol. 4 of the Cambridge History of Science, ed. Roy Porter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, in press).

“Mainstreaming Gender Analysis into Science,” Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 8 (in press).

“Feminist History of Colonial Science,” Hypatia (in press).

“Sites and Boundaries: Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion," in Early Modern Science, vol. 3 of the Cambridge History of Science, ed. Lorraine Daston and Katharine Park (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, in press).

“Sperimentazione umana: sesso e razza nel XVIII secolo,” in Corpi e Storia. pratiche, diritti, simboli, ed. Nadia Maria Filippini, Tiziana Plebani, and Anna Scattigno (Roma, Viella, 2002), pp. 337-58.

“Collecting Body Parts: Georges Cuvier's Hottentot Venus,” in Concepts and Symbols of the Eighteenth Century in Europe, ed. Hans Erich Bödeker and Lieselotte Steinbrügge (Berlin: Nomos Verlag, 2001), pp. 23-36.

“Quelle parité pour la recherche biomédicale?” La Recherche (6 Novembre 2001): 2-5.

“Women and Science: Why Does It Matter?” in Women and Science: Making Change Happen, ed. Annalisa Colosimo, Brigitte Degan, and Nicole Dewandre (Brussels: European Commission, 2001), pp.16-25.

“Exotic Abortifacients: The Global Politics of Plants in the 18th Century,” Endeavour 24 (2000):117-21.

“Women’s Studies in Archaeology,” Historica 23 (2000): 24-5.

“Has Feminism Changed Science?” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, special issue: Feminisms at the Millennium 25 (2000):1171-6; reprinted in the Jahrbuch 2000 des Collegium Helveticum der ETH Zürich, ed. Helga Nowotny and Martina Weiss (Zürich: ETH, 2000), pp. 273-92; in Naturwissenschaft und Naturwissenschafts-kritik aus feministischer Sicht, ed. Heike Thulmann (Dusseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 2000): 63-75; in Onze Alma Mater 55(2001): 444-61; in Figuration: Gender, Literatur, Kultur, 0 (1999):50-64; and in Dutch translationin NVOX 25, no. 3 (2000):114-17. Three entries: "Gender," "Women in Science," and "Gender and Sex" in The Reader's Guide to the History of Science, ed. Arne Hessenbruch (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000), pp. 283-5, 287-8, 760-2.

“Gender Studies of STS: A Look Toward the Future," Science, Technology, and Human Values, 4 (1999): 95-106.

“How Women Contribute,” Science 285 (August 6, 1999): 835.

“Lost Knowledge, Bodies of Ignorance, and the Poverty of Taxonomy as Illustrated by the Curious Fate of Flos Pavonis, an Abortifacient," in Picturing Science, Producing Art, ed. Caroline Jones and Peter Galison (New York: Routledge, 1998), pp. 125-44. German translation in Frauen, Kunst, Wissenschaft, 23 (1997): 7-28.

“Gender in Early Modern Science,” in History and the Disciplines: The Reclassification of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe, ed. Donald Kelley (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1997), pp. 313-34.

“Creating Sustainable Science," Osiris (Journal of the History of Science Society) 12 (July 1997): 201-16; reprinted in The Gender and ScienceReader, ed. Muriel Lederman and Ingrid Bartsch (New York: Routledge, 2000).

“The Loves of the Plants,” Scientific American (February 1996): 110-115; also in French as "L'Amour chez les plantes," Pour la Science (March 1996).

“The Exclusion of Women and the Structure of Knowledge," in The Sociology of Science, ed. Helga Nowotny and Klaus Taschwer, 2 vols. (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Ltd., 1996), vol. 1, pp. 238-253.

“Wissenschaftlerinnen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung,” in Geschichte der Mädchen-und Frauenbildung, ed. Elke Kleinau and Claudia Opitz (Frankfurt: Campus, 1996), pp. 295-308.

“Gender in Natural History,” in Cultures of Natural History: From Curiosity to Crisis, ed. N. Jardine, J. A. Secord, and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 171-87.

“Gender and Science: Transforming Knowledge,” in “Denken heisst Grenzen Überschreiten": Beiträge aus der sozialhistorischen Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, ed. Elke Kleinau, Katarin Schmersahl, and Dorion Weickmann (Hamburg: Bockel Verlag, 1995), pp. 15-29.

“What Changes Have Feminists Brought to Science?” Proceedings of the 21. Kongress für Frauen in der Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Karlsruhe Universität (Darmstadt: FiT e.V., 1995), pp. 287-307.

“Gender in the Making of Modern Conceptions of Nature,” in Zum Naturbegriff der Gegenwart, ed. Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Kulturamt (Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1994), vol. 1, pp. 115-36.

“Why Mammals are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History,” American Historical Review, 98 (1993): 382-411. Reprinted in the Diskussionspapiere, Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung; in Feminism and Science, ed. Evelyn Fox Keller and Helen Longino (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 137-53; in Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Science: The History of Attitudes to Sexuality, ed. Roy Porter and Mikulas Teich (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp.184-209; in Hungarian translation in Replika (in press); and in Spanish translation in Clepsydra, forthcoming.

“The Gendered Ape: Early Representations of Primates in Europe,” in A Question of Identity: Women, Science, and Literature, ed. Marina Benjamin (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1993); reprinted in The Graph of Sex and the German Text: Gendered Culture in Early Modern Germany 1500-1700, ed. Lynne Tatlock (Amsterdam: Rodophi Press, 1994), pp. 413-42.

“The Gendered Brain: Some Historical Perspectives,” in So Human a Brain: Knowledge and Values in the Neurosciences, ed. Anne Harrington (Boston: Birkhäuser Press, 1992), pp. 110-21.

“Women in Science: Historical Perspectives,” Proceedings of the Women in Astronomy Workshop, ed. Meg Urry (Baltimore: Space Telescope Science Institute, 1992), pp. 11-19.

“The Private Life of Plants: Sexual Politics in Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin,” in Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Inquiry 1780-1945, ed. Marina Benjamin (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991). German translation in Das Geschlecht der Natur: Feministische Beiträge zur Geschichte und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften, ed. Barbara Orland and Elvira Scheich (Stuttgart: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1995), pp. 245-69; and Ansichten der Wissenschaftsgeschichte, ed. Michael Hagner (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 2001), pp. 107-33.

“Margaret Cavendish: Natural Philosopher,” in A History of Women Philosophers: 1600-1900, ed. Mary Ellen Waithe, vol. 3 (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991), pp. 1-20. Also reprinted in Women and Philosophy, special issue of Documentation sur la recherche feministe, 16 (1987): 60-1.

“The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science,” in The Politics of Difference, ed. Felicity Nussbaum, special issue of Eighteenth-Century Studies, 23 (1990): 387-406. Also in German translation in Feministische Studien, 11 (1993): 48-64; in Frauen in der Aufklärung, ed. Iris Bubenik-Bauer and Ute Schalz-Laurenze (Frankfurt: Ulrike Helmer Verlag, 1995), pp. 155-72; and in Frauenmacht und Männerherrschaft: Geschlechterbeziehungen im Kulturvergleich (Köln: Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum für Völkerkunde, 1997), vol. 2, pp. 115-20.

“Feminine Icons: The Face of Early Modern Science," Critical Inquiry, 14 (Summer, 1988): 661-91. Also published in Dutch translation in GeleerdeVrouwen, special issue of the Negende Jaarboek voor Vrouwengeschiedenis (Amsterdam, 1988): 86-114; in German in Frauen im Frankreich des 18. Jahrhundert (Berlin: Argument Verlag, 1989), pp. 121-47; and in Spanish in La Ciencia y su Público: Perspectivas Históricas, ed. Javier Ordóñez and Alberto Elena (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1990), pp. 71-111.

“Maria Winkelmann and the Berlin Academy: A Turning Point for Women in Science,” Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society, 78 (1987):174-200; reprinted in Current Issues in Women's History, ed. Arina Angerman, et al. (New York: Routledge Press, 1989); in Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History, ed. Dorothy Helly and Susan Reverby (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992), pp. 56-70; and in The Scientific Enterprise in Early Modern Europe: Readings from Isis, ed. Peter Dear (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), pp. 305-31.

“The History and Philosophy of Women in Science: A Review Essay,” in Signs, Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 12 (1987): 305-32; reprinted in Sex and Scientific Inquiry, ed. Jean O'Barr and Sandra Harding (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), pp. 7-34.

“Reply to Hilary Rose,” Signs, Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 13 (1988): 380-83.

“Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy," in Representations, 14 (1986):42-82; reprinted in The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century, ed. Catherine Gallagher and Thomas Laqueur (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987) and in Sexuality, ed. Robert A. Nye (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 75-7 also in Italian in Memoria, 11-12 (1984): 145-51 and in Japanese in Hyosho to Shite No Shintai (Toyko: Taishukan Shoten, 1999).

Film
Research co-director for television documentary film: "Too Long a Sacrifice," on life and politics in rural Northern Ireland, for Central Television and the British Film Institute, aired on Britain's Channel 4, November 1984; also at the London Film Institute and on PBS (channel 13, New York) March 1986.

Workshops Organized
“Feminist Innovations in the Sciences,” NSF workshop with scientists and humanists discussing how feminism has changed basic scientific research, organizer with Marianne Sommer, spring 2004, in planning.

“Agnatology: The Cultural Production of Ignorance,” SMTC workshop, co-organized with Robert Proctor, spring 2003, in planning.

“Self-Fashioning: Dressing for Science and Medicine,” SMTC workshop, co-organized with Sabine Gieske, in planning.

“Botany in Colonial Connection,” workshop held at the Einstein Forum, Potsdam (Berlin) and co-sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, co-organized with Claudia Swan, Northwestern University, May 2001.

“Science, Technology, and Medicine in the Twentieth Century: What Difference Has Feminism Made?” conference co-organized with Angela Creager and Elizabeth Lunbeck, Princeton University, October 1998. Joint International Meetings of the Society for the Social Studies of Science and the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology, Program Organizing Committee, Bielefeld University, October 1996.

Editorial Boards Memberships
Science (Board of Advisors, Book Reviews 2001-).

Eighteenth-Century Studies (Board of Editors 1995-7; Advisory Board 1993-95).

Signs, Journal of Women in Culture and Society (1994-).

Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering (1994-).

Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology (1994-).

Gender and History (2000-).

Journal for the Spanish Society for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science (1994).

Academic Appointments
Edwin E. Sparks Professor of the History of Science, Pennsylvania State University, History Department, 2000-; Professor, History and Women Studies, 1993-2000; Associate Professor, History and Women’s Studies, 1991-1993; Assistant Professor, History and Women’s Studies, 1988-1991.

Co-Founder and Co-Director, Science, Medicine, and Technology in Culture, Inter-College Program, PSU, 1995-.

Founder and Coordinator, Gender History Workshop, PSU, 1996-1999.

Visiting Professor, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Zentrum für Europa-und Nordamerikastudien, 1995.

Founding Director, Women in the Sciences and Engineering Institute, PSU, 1994-1996.

Visiting Associate Professor, Princeton University, Department of History, 1992-1993.

Lecturer, Stanford University, Values, Technology, Science, andSociety Program, 1984-1986.

Teaching Fellow, Harvard University, History Department and the Committee on History and Literature, 1977-1984.

Invited Lectures (selected)
"Gender in the Voyages of Scientific Discovery," University of Virginia, September 2001; and Gender and Enlightenment Seminar, Institute for Historical Research, University of London, May 2002.

"Exotic Abortifacients: The Sexual Politics of Plants between Europe and the West Indies in the Eighteenth Century," Sexualität und Imagination Tagung der DFG-Forschergruppe, Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, May 2002.

"Secrets, Fraud, and Theft: Eighteenth-Century Naturalists in the West Indies," Keynote, Einstein Forum, Conference on Botany in Colonial Connection, May 2001.

"Has Feminism Changed Science?" Molecular and Cellular Biosciences Lecture Series, NSF, Arlington, VA, May 2001; also presented at the University of Leuven, Belgium, 2001; the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2000; 26. Kongress von Frauen in Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Hamburg, 2000.; Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 2000; International Committee for the History of Women in Science, Cambridge University, England, 2000; the Interdisziplinären Frauen-forschungszentrum, Univeristy of Düsseldorf, 1999; and at the Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, 1999.

"Gender and Naming the Kingdoms of Nature: Eighteenth-Century Nomenclature," Department of History, University of Leuven, Belgium, May 2001.

"Eighteenth-Century Human Experimentation: Sex and Racial Difference," Address to the Breakfast Meeting of the AHA Committee on Women Historians, Boston, Jan. 2001.

"Writing the Past: Women in Science, Technology, and Medicine," St. Louis University, 12-15 October 2000.

“Gender in the Voyages of Scientific Discovery" and "Teaching Gender in Science," History of Science Society, Vancouver, Canada, 2000; also presented at The Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 1999; Wissenschaftsforschung als Geschlechter-forschung series, TU, Berlin, 1998; and keynote address, Conference on Gender and Science, Warwick University, England, 1998.

"Human Experimentation in Colonial Connection," Moral Authority of Nature Workshop, Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, June 2000.

"Feminist Innovations in American Medicine," Frauenstudien und Frauenforschung, Freie Universität Berlin, June 2000.

"Numbers are Not Enough: The Gender Gap in the Sciences," Departement für Geistes-, Sozial- und Staatswissenschaften und Collegium Helveticum, ETH, Zürich, May 2000. Keynote address: "Women and Science: Why does it Matter?" European Union Conference on Women and Science, Brussels, April 2000.

“Medical Botany in the West Indies," Gender im Kontext des 18. Jahrhunderts Tagung, Universität Basel, March 2000.

"Eighteenth-Century Botany in Colonial Connection," Cambridge University, England, March 2000.

"Human Experimentation in the Eighteenth Century: Women and Slaves," Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, February 2000.

"Feminist Innovations in Primatology and Archaeology," Einstein Forum, Potsdam, Germany, November 1999.

"Women and Science in Modernity," invited lecture at the Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria, December 1998. Guest of the Austrian government and the Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen.

"Gender and Race in Eighteenth-Century Natural History," FU, Berlin, December 1998. Respondent to paper on Maria Winkelmann in conference organized by the Arbeitskreis Frauen in Akademie und Wissenschaft, Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, December 1998.

"Primatology, Archaeology, and Human Origins: Feminist Interventions," Paper delivered at the "Women in Research Universities Conference, Harvard University, November 1998.

"Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science," Keynote address, 5th Congress of the Latin American Society for the History of Sciences and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1998.

“Gender Studies of STS: A Look Toward the Future," Keynote address, International Conference on Science, Technology, and Society, Tokyo, Japan, March 1998.

“Bodies of Knowledge, Bodies of Ignorance," research paper delivered to the History of the Book Seminar, University of Pennsylvania, February 1998; also at the Conference on Concepts and Symbols of the Eighteenth Century in Europe, European Science Foundation, Bologna, Italy, July 1997.

"Collecting Body Parts: Cuvier's Hottentot Venus," paper delivered at the European
Science Foundation Conference on Concepts and Symbols of the Eighteenth Century in
Europe, Florence, Italy, December 1997.

"The Philosopher's Beard: Women and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science," Keynote
address, University of Frankfurt conference on Women in Academia, October 1997.

"Tools of Gender Analysis in the History of Science," paper presented at the Belle van Zuylen Instituut, University of Amsterdam, October 1996.

"Nature's Unruly Body," Regimes of Description: In the Archive of the Eighteenth Century, Seminar on Enlightenment and Revolution, Stanford University, January 1996.

"Approaches to Body History," paper presented at the Historical Seminar, University of Vienna, October 1996.

"Fantasies of Nature in the Body of Enlightenment Thought," presented at the Conference: Histories of Science/Histories of Art, Harvard University, November 1995.

“Frauen/Geschlechtsverhältnisse in der Naturwissenschaften," presented to the Institut für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Universität Hamburg, July 1995.

"The Gendered Ape," presented to the Kommission für Frauenstudien und Frauen-forschung, Hamburg Universität, June 1995; Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, April 1995; Women's Studies, Duke University, November 1994; Gender and Science Series, University of California, Los Angeles, January 1994; XIXth International Congress of History of Science, Zaragoza, Spain, August 1993; Symposium on German Literature, Washington University, St. Louis, March 1992; Theory and Culture Seminar, New York University, September 1991.

"Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science," presented to the Royal Danish Academy of Letters and Sciences, Copenhagen, April 1995; the Conceptual Foundations of Science Committee, University of Chicago, May1993; History of Science Program, York University, Toronto, March 1993; Women's History Week, Harvard University, March 1993; Dartmouth University, May 1991; Feminist Lecture Series, University of California at Santa Barbara, March 1991.

"Current Developments in Gender in Science," Research Policy Institute, University of Lund, Sweden, April 1995.

"Why Mammals Are called Mammals," presented to Soziologisches Seminar, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, January 1995; Social Science Division, California Institute of Technology, January 1994; Science, Technology, and Science Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 1993; University of Melbourne, Australia, June 1993; Verbund für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, June 1992; Women's Studies Program, Princeton University, December 1992.

"Women in Science: Does Gender Matter?" Heinz R. Pagels Memorial Lecture, Aspen Center for Physics, Aspen, Colorado, July 1994; also delivered as a keynote address to the Annual Meeting of the American Endocrine Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 1993.

"Women in Scientific Culture," Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, May 1993; also presented to the Status of Women in Astronomy Workshop, Space Telescope Science Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Baltimore, Maryland, September 1992.

"The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science" Graduate Women in Science Forum, University of California, Berkeley, March 1991; Department of History, Yale University, February 1990; Department of English, Syracuse University, January 1990; New York Academy of Sciences, October 1989; the History and Philosophy of Science Lecture Series, Philosophy Department, Stanford University, October 1988; and the History of Science Colloquium, Harvard University, April 1984.

"Making Science a Place for Women," featured speaker, Dupont Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, February 1991.

"Science, Culture, and Women," The College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 1990.

Keynote speaker, "Zu Linnés Klassifizierung nach Sexualorganen," International Congresson Gender and Science, Technische Universität, Berlin, May 1990.

"Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions: A Retrospective," Midwest Faculty Seminar sponsored by the University of Chicago, November 1990.

"The Gendered Brain: Some Historical Perspectives," Interdisciplinary Workshop on Knowledge and Values in the Neurosciences, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, August 2-5, 1990.

"Gendered Representations of Science," History of Science Colloquium, Northwestern University, January 1989; History of Science Series, Princeton University, November 1988; keynote address for Women's History Week, Harvard University, March 1988; History of Science Colloquium Series, University of California, Berkeley, October 1988; Kirkland Historical Studies of Science and Technology Conference, Haverford College, September 1987.

"Celebrating Women's Achievements in Science," AT&T Bell Labs, March 1987, March 1988.

"The Female Skeleton Makes Her Debut: Eighteenth-Century Science and Society," Columbia University, February 1987; Science, Technology and Power Forum, New School for Social Research, January 1987; Berkshire Conference of Women Historians, Smith College, June 1984.

"The Clash between Guild Traditions and Professional Science," International Conference on Women's History, University of Amsterdam, March 1986; The Medieval Association of the Pacific, Stanford University, March 1986; History Department Colloquium, University of California, Berkeley, February 1986.

"The Problems of Women Working in Chemistry," Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, February 1986.

"The History and Philosophy of Women in Science," invited speaker for Conference on
Gender, Technology and Education, Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Study Center,
Bellagio, Italy, October 1985.

Books Reviewed
Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill by Lara V. Marks (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001) for Science 294 (2001):2106.

Subject Matter: Technology, the Body, and Science on the Anglo-American Frontier, 1500-1676 by Joyce E. Chaplin (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001) for American Historical Review 107 (2002)183-4.

The Door in the Dream:Conversations with Eminent Women in Science by Elga Wasserman (Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2000) for Quarterly Review of Biology 76 (2001): 339.

The Technology of Orgasm: "Hysteria," the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction by Rachel Maines (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 for American Studies 42, 2 (Summer 2001): 161-2.

Linnaeus: Nature and Nation by Lisbet Koerner (Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress, 1999) for Science (10 March 2000):1761.

Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery by Sander (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999) for The American Historical Review (Febr. 2001):134-5.

Women, Science, and Medicine 1500-1700: Mother and Sisters of the Royal Society by Lynette Hunter and Sarah Hutton (Glouchestershire: Sutton Publishing, 1997) for Isis 90 (1999):587-9.

Making Natural Knowledge: Constructivism and the History of Science by Jan Golinski (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) for The American Historical Review 103 (December 1998):1554-5.

The King's Midwife: A History and Mystery of Madame du Coudray by Nina Rattner Gelbart (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998) for The Women's Review of Books (June 1998):17-18.

The Facts of Life: The Creation of Sexual Knowledge in Britain, 1650-1950 by Roy Porter and Lesley Hall (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995) for the Journal of Modern History 69 (June 1997):333-5.

A History of the Breast by Marilyn Yalom (New York: Knopf, 1997) for the Women's Review of Books (June 1997):10-11.

Women Scientists in America: Before Affirmative Action, 1940-1972 by Margaret Rossiter (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995) for The Journal of American History (September 1996): 683-4.

Cultivating Women, Cultivating Science: Flora's Daughters and Botany in England 1760-1860 by Ann Shteir (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1996) for Nature 382 (22 August 1996): 683-4.

The Moral Sex: Woman's Nature in the French Enlightenment by Lieselotte Steinbrügge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995) for The American Historical Review (1997):824-5.

Women on the Margins: Three Seventeenth-Century Lives by Natalie Zemon Davis (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995) for Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society, 87 (1996):360-1.

Profitable Promises: Essays on Women, Science and Health by Ruth Hubbard (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1994) for The Women's Review of Books12 (September 1995): 176-8.

Masculinity and Male Codes of Honor in Modern France by Robert A. Nye (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993) for The Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 31 (1995):300-1.

The Less Noble Sex: Scientific, Religious, and Philosophical Conceptions of Woman's Nature by Nancy Tuana (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993) for Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society (1995).

The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy by Gerda Lerner (New York, Oxford University Press, 1993) for The Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1995):671-2.

The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain by G. J. Barker-Benfield (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992) for Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology, 2 (1994):204-5.

Monstrous Imagination by Marie-Hélène Huet (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993) for The Women's Review of Books (June 1993):17.

A World Without Women: The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science by David Noble (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992) and Cartesian Women: Versions and Subversions of Rational Discourse in the Old Regime by Erica Harth (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992) for The Women's Review of Books (December 1992): 8-9.

Women, Politics, and Change, ed. Louise Tilly and Patricia Gurin (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1990); The Scientific Lady: A Social History of Woman's Scientific Interests, 1520-1918 by Patricia Phillips (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990); Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century, A Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography by Marilyn Ogilvie (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986); Women, Love, and Power: Literary and Psychoanalytic Perspectives by Elaine Hoffman Baruch (NewYork: New York University Press, 1991) for the Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences, 29 (July 1993): 251-3.

The Byrth of Mankynds, Otherwyse Named The Womans Booke: Embryology, Obstetrics, Gynaecology through Four Centuries (Stockholm: Svenska Lakaresallskapet, 1990) by Ove Hagelin for Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society, 84 (1993):197-8.

Body Criticism: Imaging the Unseen in Enlightenment Art and Medicine by Barbara Stafford (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991) for "Libri," WPSU Radio, aired April 30, 1992.

The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929 by Ornella Moscucci (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990) for Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society, 82 (1991):763-4.

Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science by Donna Haraway (New York: Routledge Press, 1989) for Gender and History, 3 (1991):238-9.

Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine Between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries by Ludmilla Jordanova (Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1989) and Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood by Cynthia Eagle Russett (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989) for the Journal of the History of Sexuality, 1 (1991):521-3.

The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class, and Political Culture by Dorinda Outram (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989) for Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society, 82 (1991):569-70.

Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment, edited by G. S. Rousseau and Roy Porter (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987) and 'Tis Nature's Fault’: Unauthorized Sexuality during the Enlightenment by Robert Purks Maccubbin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) for Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society, 81 (1990):114-15.

Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789-1979 edited by Pnina Abir-Am and Dorinda Outram (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1987) for The Women's Review of Books (May 1988).

Four Lives in Science: Women's Education in the 19th Century by Lois Arnold(New York: Schocken Books, 1984) for The Journal of Higher Education, 56 (1985): 597-9.

Other Professional Activities
Consultant, Ministère de la Recherche, Paris, Mission Parité en Sciences et Technologies, 2001-.

Advisory Board, Maria Sibylla Merian International Exhibition, Insectarium de Montréal, Canada, 2000-.

Advisory Committee, Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies, PSU, 2001-2002.

Prize Committee, Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science, 1995-1998 (Chair of Committee, 1998).

Consultant, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, 1995-1996.

Dibner Historian of Science, History of Science Society, 1994-1995.

Co-Chair, Women's Committee, History of Science Society, 1993-1995.

Book Prize Committee, Berkshire Conference of Women Historians, 1990-1991, 2001-2002;
Article Prize Committee, 1988-1990.

Research Associate, Women's Center, Barnard College, 1986-1987.

Visiting Scholar, Department of History, New York University, 1986-1987.

Western Culture Curriculum Committee, Stanford University, 1984-1986.

Co-founder (with Evelyn Fox Keller) of the Boston-Area Colloquium for Feminist Theory, 1982-1984. The Colloquium was co-sponsored by Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Brandeis University.

Chair and Co-founder, Organizing Committee, Women's History Week, Harvard University, 1982-4.

Resident Tutor, Winthrop House, Harvard University, 1979-80.

Research for J. K. Galbraith's A Life in Our Times and The Age of Uncertainty, 1975-80.

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